Vehicle research library

Free research on 94+ vehicles for Buy Here Pay Here shoppers. Generation-by-generation guides, known recalls, service and inspection checklists, and side-by-side comparisons. Independent, VIN-safe, and buyer-focused.

Audi

  • Audi A7 (2012–2025) — Luxury midsize fastback. Coupe-like five-door Sportback with standard quattro AWD; U.S. sales of the A7 ended after 2025.

Buick

  • Buick Enclave (2011–2026) — Three-row premium crossover SUV. Buick's quiet, upscale three-row SUV, with a V6 through 2024 and a 328-hp turbo four from 2025.
  • Buick Encore (2013–2022) — Subcompact crossover SUV. Buick's original small crossover (2013–2022), a 1.4L turbo with FWD or AWD — not the Encore GX.

Chevrolet

  • Chevrolet Cruze (2011–2019) — Compact car. Chevy's 2011–2019 compact sedan and hatchback, with an efficient 1.4L turbo and rare high-mpg diesels.
  • Chevrolet Equinox (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Chevy's best-selling compact SUV: 2.4L/V6 through 2017, turbo engines from 2018, and an all-new 2025.
  • Chevrolet Impala (2011–2020) — Full-size sedan. Chevy's roomy full-size sedan, with a modern, stylish 2014–2020 redesign and a strong 305-hp V6.
  • Chevrolet Malibu (2011–2025) — Midsize car. Chevy's comfortable midsize sedan, built through 2025, with a 1.5L turbo, an optional 2.0T and a 2016–2019 Hybrid.
  • Chevrolet Silverado 1500 (2011–2026) — Full-size pickup. America's workhorse half-ton, with V8, 2.7L turbo and Duramax diesel choices; the 2022 refresh transformed the interior.
  • Chevrolet Sonic (2012–2020) — Subcompact car. Subcompact sedan/hatchback sold through 2020, with naturally aspirated and turbocharged options.
  • Chevrolet Spark (2013–2022) — Subcompact hatchback. City-friendly subcompact hatchback tracked across its U.S.-market generations.
  • Chevrolet Traverse (2011–2026) — Large three-row crossover SUV. Roomy three-row crossover: V6 through 2023, 328-hp turbo four and Z71 from 2024.
  • Chevrolet Trax (2015–2026) — Subcompact crossover SUV. The old and new Trax are very different vehicles — pick your generation carefully.

Chrysler

  • Chrysler 200 (2011–2017) — Midsize sedan. Budget midsize sedan; the 2015-2017 redesign adds a 9-speed and V6 all-wheel drive.
  • Chrysler Town & Country (2011–2016) — Minivan. Upscale twin of the Grand Caravan with the 283-hp Pentastar V6 in every 2011-2016 van.

Dodge

  • Dodge Grand Caravan (2011–2020) — Minivan. Value minivan with one powertrain for 2011-2020, so condition matters more than model year.
  • Dodge Journey (2011–2020) — Midsize crossover SUV. Budget crossover with an available third row; get the V6 for power or AWD (2011-2019).

Fiat

  • Fiat 500X (2016–2023) — Subcompact crossover SUV. Jeep Renegade cousin; from 2019 a 1.3L turbo with standard all-wheel drive.

Ford

  • Ford Escape (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Practical compact SUV with EcoBoost, Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid choices; final model year 2026.
  • Ford Explorer (2011–2026) — Midsize three-row SUV. Best-selling three-row SUV with EcoBoost power, a 400-hp ST and available 4WD.
  • Ford F-150 (2011–2026) — Full-size pickup. Full-size pickup with redesigns for 2015 (aluminum body) and 2021 (PowerBoost hybrid); broad engine and cab options.
  • Ford Fusion (2011–2020) — Midsize car. Stylish midsize sedan with Hybrid, Energi plug-in and a 325-hp V6 Sport; discontinued after 2020.

GMC

  • GMC Acadia (2011–2026) — Midsize three-row crossover SUV. Three sizes in one name: large 2011-2016, midsize 2017-2023, and large again from 2024.
  • GMC Sierra 1500 (2011–2026) — Full-size pickup. Full-size light-duty pickup closely related to the Chevrolet Silverado 1500.
  • GMC Terrain (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Three distinct generations: V6-capable 2011-2017, turbo-only 2018-2024, and a boxy 2025 redesign.

Honda

  • Honda Accord (2011–2026) — Midsize car. Roomy, efficient benchmark midsize sedan; hybrid on most trims from 2023.
  • Honda Civic (2011–2026) — Compact car. Efficient, high-resale compact with Si and Type R performance and a Hybrid from 2025.
  • Honda CR-V (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Biggest CR-V transitions occur for 2012, 2017, and 2023.
  • Honda Fit (2011–2020) — Subcompact hatchback. Small footprint, versatile 'Magic Seat' cargo space; no 2014 gas model, and U.S. sales ended after 2020.
  • Honda Passport (2019–2026) — Midsize crossover SUV. Two-row midsize positioned above the CR-V and below the Pilot; nameplate revived for 2019.
  • Honda Pilot (2011–2026) — Midsize three-row SUV. Three-row family SUV with V6 power throughout; redesigned for 2016 and 2023, refreshed for 2026.

Hyundai

  • Hyundai Accent (2011–2022) — Subcompact car. Value-priced subcompact sedan (and hatchback through 2017); CVT models from 2020 reach about 36 mpg combined, discontinued after 2022.
  • Hyundai Azera (2011–2017) — Large sedan. Full-size front-drive sedan positioned above the Sonata; U.S. sales ended after 2017.
  • Hyundai Elantra (2011–2026) — Compact car. Hyundai's compact sedan across three generations; recent years add a 50+ mpg Hybrid, N Line and the 276-hp Elantra N.
  • Hyundai Elantra GT (2013–2020) — Compact hatchback. Hatchback body of the Elantra family; U.S. sales ended after the 2020 model year.
  • Hyundai Equus (2011–2016) — Luxury large sedan. Full-size luxury flagship folded into the Genesis brand after the 2016 model year.
  • Hyundai Genesis Coupe (2011–2016) — Sport coupe. Rear-drive sport coupe sold in the U.S. through 2016 before the Genesis brand spin-off.
  • Hyundai Ioniq (2017–2022) — Electrified compact hatchback. Hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric variants of a shared compact platform; discontinued after 2022.
  • Hyundai Ioniq 5 (2022–2026) — Electric crossover. Dedicated-EV crossover on the E-GMP platform, capable of 800V fast charging.
  • Hyundai Ioniq 6 (2023–2026) — Electric sedan. Aerodynamic E-GMP electric sedan with up to 361 miles of range; standard models ended after 2025, leaving only the Ioniq 6 N for 2026.
  • Hyundai Kona (2018–2026) — Subcompact crossover. Subcompact crossover with gas, Electric (2019 on) and Kona N (2022-23) versions; redesigned larger for 2024.
  • Hyundai Nexo (2019–2026) — Hydrogen fuel-cell crossover. Hydrogen fuel-cell SUV sold only in California; all-new second generation for 2026 with up to 442 miles of range.
  • Hyundai Palisade (2020–2026) — Midsize three-row SUV. Three-row family SUV with a 3.8L V6 (2020-25); redesigned for 2026 with a 3.5L V6 or 329-hp hybrid.
  • Hyundai Santa Fe (2011–2026) — Midsize crossover SUV. Two-row, Sport/XL, hybrid and now boxy three-row eras — resolve the exact variant.
  • Hyundai Sonata (2011–2026) — Midsize car. Midsize sedan for buyers wanting passenger space and modern technology at a competitive price.
  • Hyundai Tucson (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Biggest transitions in 2016 and 2022 — pick the generation that matches your priorities.
  • Hyundai Veloster (2012–2022) — Sport compact hatchback. Distinctive three-door hatch (no 2018 model); 2022 was Veloster N only.
  • Hyundai Venue (2020–2026) — Subcompact crossover. Sub-Kona city crossover introduced for the 2020 model year; front-drive only.
  • Hyundai Veracruz (2011–2012) — Three-row crossover. Early three-row Hyundai crossover; U.S. sales ended after the 2012 model year.

Jeep

  • Jeep Cherokee (2014–2023) — Compact crossover SUV. Unibody return of the Cherokee name for 2014, refreshed with a 270-hp turbo for 2019; U.S. sales ended after 2023.
  • Jeep Compass (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Second generation launches for 2017; the 2022 refresh and 2023 turbo engine are the big upgrades.
  • Jeep Grand Cherokee (2011–2026) — Midsize SUV. Midsize Jeep SUV with a major 2022 redesign (plus the three-row L from 2021), from V6 to Trackhawk and the 4xe plug-in hybrid.
  • Jeep Patriot (2011–2017) — Compact crossover SUV. Boxy, budget small Jeep twinned with the first Compass; prefer 2014-2017 for the 6-speed automatic over the CVT.

Kia

  • Kia Cadenza (2014–2020) — Large sedan. Front-drive V6 near-luxury sedan sold in the U.S. for 2014–2020; redesigned for 2017.
  • Kia Carnival (2022–2026) — Minivan / MPV. For U.S. customers, the Carnival starts with the 2022 model year (earlier Kia minivans are Sedonas).
  • Kia EV6 (2022–2026) — Electric crossover. Dedicated-EV crossover on the E-GMP platform; corporate sibling to the Hyundai Ioniq 5.
  • Kia EV9 (2024–2026) — Electric three-row SUV. Dedicated-EV three-row SUV on the E-GMP platform, introduced for the 2024 model year.
  • Kia Forte (2011–2024) — Compact car. Compact car sold through 2024 in the U.S.; the Kia K4 succeeds it for 2025.
  • Kia Forte5 (2011–2018) — Compact hatchback. Compact hatchback variant of the Forte; U.S. sales ended after 2018.
  • Kia K4 (2025–2026) — Compact car. Compact sedan replacing the Forte from 2025; a K4 Hatchback joins for 2026.
  • Kia K5 (2021–2026) — Midsize car. Replaced the Optima name for 2021 with turbocharged engines and updated technology.
  • Kia K900 (2015–2020) — Luxury large sedan. Rear-drive V6/V8 luxury flagship for 2015-2018; redesigned for 2019 with a twin-turbo V6 and standard AWD, discontinued after 2020.
  • Kia Niro (2017–2026) — Electrified compact crossover. Hybrid-first compact crossover with plug-in (2018 on) and all-electric Niro EV (2019 on) versions; redesigned for 2023, front-drive only.
  • Kia Optima (2011–2020) — Midsize car. Kia's former midsize sedan nameplate; direct competitor to the Camry / Accord / Sonata.
  • Kia Rio (2011–2023) — Subcompact car. Value-priced subcompact sedan/hatchback; U.S. sales ended after the 2023 model year.
  • Kia Sedona (2011–2021) — Minivan. Kia's minivan through 2021 (no 2013 model); redesigned for 2015 with a 276-hp V6 and replaced by the Carnival for 2022.
  • Kia Seltos (2021–2026) — Subcompact crossover. Subcompact SUV with AWD on most trims; 2024 refresh brought a 195-hp turbo with an 8-speed automatic. Redesigned for 2027.
  • Kia Sorento (2011–2026) — Midsize crossover. Midsize two-to-three-row crossover; V6 through 2020, then turbo, hybrid and plug-in hybrid from 2021 (refreshed 2024).
  • Kia Soul (2011–2025) — Subcompact crossover / hatch. Boxy, front-drive small hatchback with big cargo space for its size; turbo offered 2017-2022 and production ended after 2025.
  • Kia Sportage (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Compact SUV redesigned for 2017 and 2023; the 2023-on generation adds Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid models.
  • Kia Stinger (2018–2023) — Sport luxury fastback. Rear/all-wheel-drive sport fastback with turbocharged four and V6 options; U.S. sales ended after 2023.
  • Kia Telluride (2020–2025) — Midsize three-row SUV. V6 three-row family SUV (2020-2025), refreshed for 2023 with X-Line and X-Pro; Kia skipped 2026 ahead of the redesigned 2027.

Mazda

  • Mazda Mazda3 (2011–2026) — Compact car. Compact sedan/hatchback known for sharper driving dynamics than many mainstream rivals.
  • Mazda Mazda5 (2012–2015) — Compact minivan. Six-seat compact minivan with sliding doors; no 2011 U.S. model, and U.S. sales ended after 2015.

Mitsubishi

  • Mitsubishi Mirage (2014–2024) — Subcompact hatchback. Very affordable, very efficient subcompact hatchback / G4 sedan; no 2016 model, and U.S. sales ended after 2024.

Nissan

  • Nissan Altima (2011–2026) — Midsize sedan. Biggest changes for 2013 and 2019; a 2023 refresh, VC-Turbo through 2024, and 2026 is reported as the final year.
  • Nissan Rogue (2011–2026) — Compact crossover SUV. Biggest transitions in 2014, 2021, and 2022; the newer Rogues are meaningfully different.
  • Nissan Sentra (2011–2026) — Compact sedan. Roomy, frugal compact; 2020 redesign added standard safety tech, all-new again for 2026.
  • Nissan Titan (2011–2024) — Full-size pickup. Full-size pickup sold in the U.S. through 2024; second generation arrives mid-period.
  • Nissan Versa (2011–2025) — Subcompact car. Low-cost subcompact known for space and mpg; 2020 redesign added standard AEB. U.S. sales ended after 2025.

Ram

  • Ram 1500 (2011–2026) — Full-size pickup. Coil-spring-ride half-ton; Hurricane six replaces the HEMI for 2025, and the HEMI returns for 2026.

Scion

  • Scion FR-S (2013–2016) — Sports coupe. Rear-drive sport coupe co-developed with Subaru; folded into the Toyota 86 lineup after Scion's dissolution.
  • Scion iA (2016–2016) — Subcompact sedan. Rebadged Mazda2-based subcompact sedan; continued as the Toyota Yaris iA after Scion's dissolution.
  • Scion iM (2016–2016) — Compact hatchback. Compact hatchback based on the Toyota Auris; continued as the Toyota Corolla iM.
  • Scion iQ (2012–2015) — Micro subcompact hatchback. Micro city car about 10 feet long with 11 airbags and a CVT; U.S. sales ended after 2015.
  • Scion tC (2011–2016) — Compact sport coupe. Second-generation 2.5L hatchback coupe with a standard panoramic moonroof; refreshed for 2014, ended after 2016.
  • Scion xA (2004–2006) — Subcompact hatchback. Early Scion subcompact hatchback; sold in the U.S. through 2006.
  • Scion xB (2011–2015) — Compact hatch / wagon. Boxy compact wagon/hatch known for interior space and simple packaging.
  • Scion xD (2011–2014) — Subcompact hatchback. Toyota-engineered 1.8L subcompact hatchback that succeeded the xA; final model year 2014.

Toyota

  • Toyota Camry (2011–2026) — Midsize car. Best-selling midsize sedan; V6 through 2024, and hybrid-only from the 2025 redesign.
  • Toyota Highlander (2011–2026) — Midsize three-row SUV. Three-row family SUV; 2020 hybrid rated about 36 mpg, a turbo four replaced the V6 for 2023, and AWD is standard for 2026.
  • Toyota Tundra (2011–2026) — Full-size pickup. Proven V8 second generation through 2021; twin-turbo V6 and hybrid from 2022, so check the engine recall by VIN.

Volkswagen

  • Volkswagen Golf (2011–2021) — Compact hatchback. Compact hatchback across multiple generations; U.S. sales of the mainstream Golf ended after 2021 (GTI/Golf R continue).
  • Volkswagen Jetta (2011–2026) — Compact sedan. Roomy compact sedan with TDI, Hybrid and GLI variants; redesigned 2019, with a 1.5T from 2022 and a 2025 refresh.
  • Volkswagen Passat (2012–2022) — Midsize car. Roomy Chattanooga-built midsize sedan with 2.5L, turbo, TDI diesel, and VR6 choices; U.S. sales ended after 2022.